Oral Schools
In 1867, two new schools were founded on the principle of "pure oralism": the Institution for the Improved Instruction of Deaf-Mutes (now the Lexington School for the Deaf), in New York City and the Clarke Institution for Deaf-Mutes (now the Clarke School for the Deaf / Center for Oral Education) in Northampton, Massachusetts. Both schools developed techniques for teaching by auditory and oral means alone-without the use of signs. Students received extensive speech lessons, and were trained to take advantage of whatever residual hearing they might have.